The Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) is one of the world’s most biodiverse and endangered ecosystems, stretching along Brazil’s eastern coast and into parts of Paraguay and Argentina. Among its treasures are some of the planet’s most stunning trees—towering giants, flowering wonders, and ancient survivors.
In this guide, we’ll explore 20 of the most beautiful trees from this biome, including icons like the Jequitibá, Corticeira, Araucária, and Ipê, with details on their appearance, ecology, and conservation status.
1. Jequitibá-Rosa (Cariniana legalis)
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The Jequitibá-Rosa (Cariniana legalis) is one of the most majestic and iconic trees of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, known for its towering height (up to 50 meters / 165 feet) and striking pinkish-gray bark. This slow-growing giant can live for centuries, earning it the nickname “king of the forest.” Its dense, durable wood was historically used for construction, while its small white flowers and woody seed capsules attract birds and monkeys. Ecologically vital, the Jequitibá-Rosa acts as a keystone species, supporting biodiversity, but deforestation has left it vulnerable to extinction. Today, protected specimens—some over 300 years old—stand as living monuments in parks like Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (MG), reminding us of the Atlantic Forest’s fading grandeur.
2. Corticeira-da-serra (Erythrina falcata)
The corticeira-da-serra (Erythrina falcata), also known as the Brazilian coral tree, is a striking deciduous tree native to South America, particularly found in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. It is renowned for its vibrant orange-red, falcate (sickle-shaped) flowers that bloom in dense clusters, attracting hummingbirds and other pollinators. The tree can reach heights of up to 30 meters and has a smooth, grayish bark, with trifoliate leaves that provide a lush canopy. Highly valued for ornamental purposes, Erythrina falcata is also ecologically important, aiding in soil restoration and serving as a pioneer species in degraded areas. Its hardwood is occasionally used in construction, while its striking blossoms make it a favorite in urban landscaping.
3. Araucária (Araucaria angustifolia)
The araucária (Araucaria angustifolia), also known as the Brazilian pine or Paraná pine, is an iconic coniferous tree native to southern Brazil, particularly in the Atlantic Forest regions of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Recognizable by its tall, straight trunk and distinctive umbrella-like crown, it can reach heights of up to 50 meters. The tree produces edible seeds called pinhões, which are a traditional food source for wildlife and local communities. Once widely exploited for its high-quality timber, Araucaria angustifolia is now endangered due to deforestation, but conservation efforts aim to protect and restore its remaining stands. Its unique appearance and ecological importance make it a symbol of southern Brazil’s natural heritage.
4. Ipê-Amarelo (Handroanthus chrysotrichus)
The ipê-amarelo (genus Handroanthus, including species like Handroanthus albus and Handroanthus chrysotrichus) is one of Brazil’s most iconic and beloved flowering trees, renowned for its spectacular golden-yellow blooms that appear in late winter, often when the tree is leafless. This majestic tree, which can reach up to 30 meters in height, thrives in various biomes, including the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazon. Its dense, durable wood—resistant to pests and decay—is highly valued in construction and furniture-making. Ecologically, the ipê-amarelo provides vital nectar for pollinators such as bees and hummingbirds. A symbol of resilience and beauty, it is widely planted in urban landscapes and even declared the national flower of Brazil in some interpretations. However, due to overexploitation, some species are now protected to prevent deforestation.
5. Ipê-branco (Tabebuia roseoalba)
The Ipê Branco (Tabebuia roseoalba), also known as the White Ipê, is a majestic tree native to Brazil’s Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. Standing 20–30 meters tall, this slow-growing but long-lived species is celebrated for its stunning white blossoms, which erupt in late winter, covering its bare branches in a spectacular floral display before its palmate leaves emerge. Unlike its more common yellow and purple ipê relatives, the Ipê Branco’s rare white flowers attract bees, hummingbirds, and bats, playing a vital ecological role as a pollinator haven. Its hard, termite-resistant wood was historically prized for construction, though overharvesting has led to local declines. While classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Ipê Branco faces growing threats from Cerrado deforestation, where over half of its native habitat has been cleared for agriculture. A symbol of resilience and purity in Brazilian culture, this tree is increasingly planted in urban landscapes for its beauty and drought tolerance. However, its slow growth makes conservation efforts critical to ensure future generations can witness its breathtaking blooms.
6. Manacá-da-Serra (Tibouchina mutabilis)
The manacá-da-serra (Tibouchina mutabilis) is a stunning flowering tree native to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, celebrated for its remarkable color-changing blossoms. Its flowers open white, gradually turning pink, and finally deepen to a vibrant purple, creating a mesmerizing gradient effect on the tree. Typically reaching 6 to 12 meters in height, this small to medium-sized tree thrives in humid, mountainous regions and is well-adapted to urban environments, making it a popular choice for parks and gardens. Blooming primarily in summer, its striking flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. Due to its ornamental beauty and ecological value, the manacá-da-serra is widely cultivated and has become a symbol of Brazil’s rich biodiversity. However, habitat loss threatens its wild populations, underscoring the need for conservation efforts.
7. Cedro-Rosa (Cedrela fissilis)
The cedro-rosa (Cedrela fissilis), also known as Brazilian cedar, is a majestic tropical tree native to Central and South America, including Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazon biomes. Renowned for its high-quality, aromatic pinkish wood—lightweight yet durable—it has been historically overexploited for fine furniture, cabinetry, and musical instruments, leading to its classification as a vulnerable species. The tree can grow up to 30 meters tall, with a straight trunk and a broad, leafy canopy that provides shade and habitat for wildlife. Its compound leaves and small, fragrant white flowers attract pollinators, while its winged seeds are dispersed by wind. Due to deforestation and illegal logging, the cedro-rosa is now protected under environmental laws, and reforestation projects aim to restore its populations. A symbol of both natural beauty and the consequences of unsustainable exploitation, it remains an ecologically and economically significant species in Latin America.
8. Sapiranga (Pterocarpus officinalis)
The Sapiranga (Pterocarpus officinalis), also known as bloodwood or dragon’s blood tree, is a striking tropical tree native to Brazil’s Amazon Rainforest and Atlantic Forest. Recognizable by its tall, straight trunk and dark red sap that oozes like blood when cut—a trait that inspired its name—this tree plays a vital ecological role in swampy and flooded forests. Its compound leaves and small yellow flowers give way to unique winged seed pods, which are dispersed by wind and water. The Sapiranga’s durable, rot-resistant timber has been historically used for boatbuilding and fine furniture, while its sap holds cultural significance in traditional medicine for its believed anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Though classified as Least Concern (IUCN), habitat destruction and selective logging threaten local populations, particularly in the Amazon. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect this ecological engineer, which helps stabilize wetland ecosystems and supports biodiversity, from scarlet macaws to river-dwelling fish that rely on its fallen debris. A symbol of resilience in flooded forests, the Sapiranga stands as a reminder of the Amazon’s hidden wonders—and the urgent need to preserve them.
9. Paineira-Rosa (Ceiba speciosa)
The paineira-rosa (Ceiba speciosa), also known as the silk floss tree, is a striking deciduous tree native to South America, particularly found in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal regions. Famous for its spectacular pink flowers with creamy centers, which bloom in autumn when the tree sheds its leaves, it creates a breathtaking display that attracts hummingbirds, bees, and other pollinators. The trunk, studded with thick, conical thorns when young, serves as protection against herbivores and becomes smoother with age. Capable of reaching heights of 15 to 25 meters, the paineira-rosa also produces large, pear-shaped fruits filled with silky fibers that disperse seeds in the wind—a trait that once made the fiber useful for stuffing pillows and life jackets. Often planted as an ornamental tree in urban areas for its beauty and shade, it also holds ecological importance as a pioneer species in reforestation. Despite its resilience, habitat loss threatens wild populations, making conservation efforts essential for preserving this iconic tree.
10. Jacarandá (Bignoniaceae)
The jacarandá (family Bignoniaceae, particularly species like Jacaranda mimosifolia and Jacaranda cuspidifolia) is one of the most enchanting flowering trees in Brazil, celebrated for its breathtaking clusters of violet-blue trumpet-shaped flowers that transform landscapes into a sea of purple during spring and summer. Native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, including Brazil’s Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, these fast-growing trees can reach up to 15–20 meters in height, with delicate fern-like leaves that provide dappled shade. Their striking blooms attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, while their woody seed pods add visual interest even after flowering. Widely planted in urban areas worldwide for their ornamental beauty, jacarandás have become iconic in cities like São Paulo and Pretoria (South Africa). Though not endangered, they thrive best in frost-free climates and well-drained soils. A symbol of renewal and natural splendor, the jacarandá’s fleeting yet spectacular blossoms inspire festivals, art, and folklore across the globe.
11. Embaúba (Cecropia pachystachya)
The embaúba (Cecropia pachystachya), also known as the trumpet tree, is a fast-growing pioneer species native to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, Amazon, and Cerrado biomes. Recognizable by its broad, palmate leaves with silvery undersides and hollow, bamboo-like trunks, it plays a crucial ecological role in regenerating degraded areas. The tree forms a mutualistic relationship with Azteca ants, which inhabit its hollow stems and defend it from herbivores, while the tree provides shelter and food via Müllerian bodies at the base of its leaf stalks. Its small, finger-like clusters of greenish flowers attract pollinators, while its abundant fig-like fruits are a key food source for birds, bats, and monkeys—earning it the nickname “tree-of-sloths” due to their frequent visits. Traditionally, its leaves and bark have been used in herbal medicine to treat respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Though often considered a “weed tree” for its rapid colonization of disturbed areas, the embaúba is vital to forest succession and biodiversity, embodying nature’s resilience.
12. Figueira-Mata-Pau (Ficus organensis)
The figueira-mata-pau (Ficus organensis) is a fascinating and ecologically vital tree native to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Like other strangler figs, it begins its life as an epiphyte, germinating on a host tree and gradually enveloping it with a network of aerial roots that fuse into a woody lattice—eventually “strangling” the host and standing independently. This dramatic growth strategy allows it to reach impressive heights while creating unique microhabitats. The tree produces small, spherical figs that are a critical food source for birds, bats, and monkeys, which in turn disperse its seeds. Revered for its sculptural, labyrinthine roots and dense canopy, the figueira-mata-pau plays a keystone role in forest regeneration and biodiversity. Its name (“tree-killer fig”) hints at its ruthless survival tactic, yet its ecological generosity makes it a cornerstone of tropical ecosystems.
13. Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata)
The pau-brasil (Paubrasilia echinata), the tree that gave Brazil its name, is a national symbol of immense historical, cultural, and ecological significance. Native exclusively to the Atlantic Forest, this slow-growing leguminous tree is renowned for its dense, vibrantly hued heartwood—ranging from orange to deep red—which was highly prized in Europe during the 16th century for producing red dye and fine violin bows. Overexploitation nearly drove it to extinction, and today it is classified as endangered, protected by strict conservation laws. Reaching up to 15 meters tall, it sports thorny branches, yellow flowers with a blood-red center (a detail featured on Brazil’s national soccer team jersey), and curved seed pods. Ecologically, it supports pollinators like bees and hummingbirds while stabilizing fragile coastal forests. A living monument to Brazil’s colonial past and environmental resilience, the pau-brasil is now the focus of reforestation efforts, symbolizing both the cost of exploitation and the hope for restoration. Since 1978, it has been celebrated annually on April 3rd, Brazil’s National Pau-Brasil Day (Dia do Pau-Brasil).
14. Guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba)
The guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba), also known as the Brazilian firetree, is one of the fastest-growing native trees in the Atlantic Forest, capable of soaring up to 30 meters in just a few years. Its towering, straight trunk and umbrella-like crown make it a striking presence in the landscape. The tree bursts into a spectacular display of golden-yellow flowers during the spring, attracting bees, butterflies, and birds, while its large, flat seed pods twist open to release winged seeds carried by the wind. Traditionally, its lightweight wood was used for canoes, surfboards, and temporary construction, earning it the nickname “pau-de-vintém” (pennywood) for its affordability. Though short-lived (around 30–40 years), the guapuruvu plays a crucial ecological role as a pioneer species, rapidly colonizing degraded areas and enriching the soil for future forest regeneration. Today, it is also valued in urban landscaping for its rapid shade and ornamental beauty, embodying nature’s resilience and fleeting splendor.
15. Tipuana (Tipuana tipu)
The Tipuana tree (Tipuana tipu), also known as “Pride of Bolivia” or “Yellow Jacaranda,” is a fast-growing, semi-deciduous tree native to South America’s subtropical regions. Reaching heights of 25 meters (82 ft), it features a broad, spreading canopy of feathery green leaves and bursts into vibrant yellow-orange blooms during summer, attracting pollinators. While prized as a shade tree in urban landscapes across southeastern Brazil and beyond, its aggressive winged seeds—which spin like helicopters when falling—have made it invasive in regions like Australia and South Africa. The tree’s nitrogen-fixing roots enrich soils, and its durable timber is valued in woodworking. However, its shallow root system can damage infrastructure, requiring careful placement. Though ecologically beneficial in its native range, the Tipuana embodies the double-edged sword of ornamental planting—celebrated for its beauty but potentially disruptive when introduced to new environments. Its resilience and rapid growth have cemented its status as both a beloved urban tree and a cautionary tale about biological invasions.
16. Sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis)
The sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis), also known as the “monkey pot tree”, is a majestic and ecologically vital species native to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and Amazon Rainforest. Towering up to 40 meters, this tree is famous for its extraordinary woody fruit pods, which resemble ornate urns with lids—earning its playful nickname because monkeys reach inside to grab the nutritious seeds. The large, cannonball-like fruits (up to 20 cm wide) burst open when ripe, scattering edible seeds (similar to Brazil nuts) that are prized by wildlife and local communities. Its showy yellow and white flowers bloom in clusters, attracting bats and nocturnal pollinators. Historically, its hard, durable timber was used in construction, while indigenous tribes utilized its seeds and bark for food and medicine. Today, the sapucaia is protected in many areas due to deforestation pressures, but it remains a keystone species, supporting biodiversity and forest regeneration. A true wonder of the tropics, it embodies the mystery and generosity of Brazil’s forests.
17. Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
The Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril), often called “Brazilian cherry”, is a majestic giant of the Amazon Rainforest, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest, towering 25–40 meters (80–130 ft) with a broad, umbrella-like canopy. Revered for its hard, reddish-brown timber—used for flooring, furniture, and even aircraft propellers in WWII—this slow-growing tree produces edible resin (known as “jatobá copal”) used in traditional medicine and varnishes. Its glossy compound leaves shelter wildlife, while fragrant white flowers attract bats and moths at night. The tree’s large, pod-like fruits contain sweet, powdery pulp (“jatobá flour”), a protein-rich food for humans and animals alike. Though classified as Least Concern (IUCN), illegal logging and deforestation threaten ancient specimens. A symbol of resilience, the Jatobá’s centuries-long lifespan and deep cultural roots (from Indigenous remedies to modern carpentry) make it a living monument to Brazil’s natural heritage.
18. Cabreuva (Myrocarpus frondosus)
The cabreúva (Myrocarpus frondosus), also known as “Brazilian balsam tree”, is a majestic native species of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, prized for its aromatic hardwood and medicinal properties. This slow-growing tree can reach 25–30 meters in height, with a straight trunk and smooth, grayish bark that exudes a fragrant resin when cut—traditionally used in perfumes and natural remedies for its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities. Its dense, reddish-brown wood resists pests and decay, making it valuable for fine furniture and flooring, though overharvesting has led to local declines. In spring, the cabreúva blooms with delicate white flowers, attracting bees and butterflies, while its winged seeds rely on wind dispersal. Despite being classified as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN, habitat loss and selective logging threaten its long-term survival, highlighting the need for sustainable management to protect this ecological and cultural treasure
19. Pau-Ferro (Libidibia ferrea)
The Pau Ferro (Libidibia ferrea), also known as Brazilian Ironwood, is a resilient and ecologically valuable tree native to Brazil’s Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Renowned for its exceptionally hard, dense wood—often compared to iron—this slow-growing species can reach 10–15 meters in height and thrives in arid and semi-arid conditions. Its feathery, bipinnate leaves provide light shade, while its small yellow flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. The tree’s dark, rugged bark and twisted trunk give it a distinctive appearance, making it a striking feature in both wild landscapes and urban settings. Pau Ferro has significant cultural and economic importance: its durable timber is used for tool handles, flooring, and musical instruments (particularly guitar fretboards), while its seed pods and bark have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties. Classified as Least Concern (IUCN), Pau Ferro nonetheless faces threats from overharvesting and habitat loss, especially in the Caatinga, where deforestation for agriculture and charcoal production is rampant. Efforts to protect and cultivate this species are vital, not only for its ecological role in preventing desertification but also for preserving a living symbol of Brazil’s natural heritage and resilience.
20. Canjarana (Cabralea canjerana)
The Canjarana (Cabralea canjerana), also known as “Brazilian mahogany”, is a towering native of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, reaching heights of 20–30 meters (65–100 ft). Prized for its dense, reddish-brown timber—resistant to rot and termites—it’s used in fine furniture, flooring, and boatbuilding. Its pinnate leaves and small white flowers attract pollinators, while orange berry-like fruits feed birds and mammals. Though classified as Least Concern (IUCN), overharvesting and Atlantic Forest fragmentation threaten local populations. A keystone species, it supports biodiversity and soil health, embodying the delicate balance between economic value and ecological preservation.
